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Charles Albert (Italian: Carlo Alberto Amedeo di Savoia; October 2, 1798 – July 28, 1849) was the King of Piedmont from 1831 to 1849. He succeeded his distant cousin Charles Felix, and his name is bound with the first Italian statute and the First War of Independence (1848–1849). He abdicated after his forces were defeated by the Austrian army at the Battle of Novara (1849), and died in exile soon thereafter.
He was born in Turin in 1798, to Charles Emmanuel of Savoy, 6th Prince of Carignano (1770-1800) and Albertina Maria Cristina of Saxony (1779-1851). His father was a fifth-generation descendant of Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano, founder of the Savoy-Carignano line of the House of Savoy. Because none of the sons of King Victor Amadeus III themselves had sons, Charles Albert was throughout his life known to be their likely successor on the throne of Sardinia.
He was educated in the intellectually liberal and Francophile atmosphere of Geneva, then in Paris during the First French Empire. Napoleon I of France named him lieutenant of the dragoons in 1814. After the fall of Napoleon, Charles Albert returned to Turin, were he was entrusted to two praeceptors who were to delete in him the dangerous libertarian ideas learned in France. However, he continued to display some sympathies with liberals.
In 1821, as regent for the kingdom in the absence of the new king, Charles Felix (then in Modena), he conceded a constitution that was disavowed by the king, who sent him to join the French army in Spain to suppress the liberal revolution there and restore Ferdinand VII. He distinguished himself at the Battle of Trocadero in 1823, which annihilated hopes of a constitutional monarchy for Spain and also gained him the favour of Austria.
Carlo Alberto succeeded Charles Felix to the throne of Sardinia in 1831. Although an Italian patriot allegedly opposed to the Austrian hegemony in Northern Italy, he put down the Mazzini conspiracy. He introduced a series of reforms that abolished domestic customs barriers within the kingdom, promulgated a constitutional law code (Statuto Albertino) inspired to those of France and Belgium, and supported the arts and sciences.
During the Revolutions of 1848 he agreed to a constitutional regime that remained in place for the century that the Kingdom of Italy lasted. The same year he declared war on Austria, with the small army supported by volunteers from the whole Italy. However, after his initial victories lost him the support of the Pope and the other Italian monarchs, he was defeated at Battle of Custoza (July 24, 1848), being forced to sign an armistice at Vigevano on august 9. When, pushed by the increasing influence of the Republicans in Piedmont, he attempted to resume the war the next year, the Piedmontese were again crushed by Radetzky's troops at Novara. Rather than redrawing the Statute, he abdicated in favour of his son, Victor Emmanuel fleeing in exile to Portugal.
He died at Porto the same year. His remains were transferred to the Basilica of Superga.
Karl Marx said of Charles Albert:
Among the indigenous princes, the number one enemy of Italian freedom was and is Charles Albert. The Italians should bear in mind and repeat every hour the old saying: "God watch over my friends, so that I can watch over my enemies." From Ferdinand of the House of Bourbon, there is nothing to fear; he has for a long time been discredited. Charles Albert on the other hand calls himself pompously the "liberator of Italy" while on the very people he is supposed to he liberating he imposes as a condition the yoke of his rule.In 1817, Charles Albert married his second cousin, Maria Theresa of Tuscany, the youngest daughter of Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Princess Luisa Maria Amelia Teresa of the Two Sicilies. The couple had the following children:
Vittorio Emanuele II (1820-1878)Ferdinand, Duke of Genoa (1822–1855), 1st Duke of GenoaMaria Cristina (1826–1827)April 27April 27 is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 248 days remaining until the end of the year.
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Comune di Torino
Skyline of TurinMunicipal coat of arms
Location of Turin in Italy
Country
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Repubblica Italiana
Italian Republic
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Il Canto degli Italiani
(also known as Inno di Mameli)
The Song of the Italians
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July 28 is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 156 days remaining until the end of the year.
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Porto
Municipal flag
Municipal coat of arms
Location
- Country Portugal
- Region Norte
- Subregion Grande Porto
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República Portuguesa
Portuguese Republic
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "A Portuguesa"
Location of
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Vittorio Emanuele II
King of Italy
Reign March 17, 1861 - January 9, 1878
Coronation March 17, 1861
Born March 14, 1820
Birthplace Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia
Died January 9, 1878 (aged 57)
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Princess Maria Theresa of Tuscany, Archduchess of Austria, Princess of Hungary and Bohemia (Vienna, March 21, 1801 - Vienna, January 12, 1855), was a daughter of Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany and wife of King Charles
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Vittorio Emanuele II
King of Italy
Reign March 17, 1861 - January 9, 1878
Coronation March 17, 1861
Born March 14, 1820
Birthplace Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia
Died January 9, 1878 (aged 57)
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Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Genoa
Born November 15, 1822(1822-11-15)
Florence
Died February 10, 1855 (aged 32)
Turin
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The House of Savoy (Italian: Casa Savoia) was formed in the early eleventh century in the historical Savoy region.
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Maria Christina of Saxony (December 7, 1770 - Paris, November 24, 1851) was a Princess of Saxony and Duchess of Courland.
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Italian
Italiano
Pronunciation: /ita'ljano/
Spoken in: Italy, San Marino, Slovenia, Switzerland, Croatia, Vatican City.
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October 2 is the 275th day of the year (276th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 90 days remaining until the end of the year.
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July 28 is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 156 days remaining until the end of the year.
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Battle of Novara
Part of the Italian Wars of Independence
Battle of Novara (1849)
Date 22-23 March 1849
Location Novara
Result Austrian victory
Belligerents
Kingdom of Sardinia Austrian Empire
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Comune di Torino
Skyline of TurinMunicipal coat of arms
Location of Turin in Italy
Country
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